Grammar

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The EBNF notation used in the grammar is defined in Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1 [Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1] section 6 Notation.

Notes:

Keywords are matched in a case-insensitive manner with the exception of the keyword 'a' which, in line with Turtle and N3, is used in place of the IRI rdf:type (in full, http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type).
Escape sequences are case sensitive.
When tokenizing the input and choosing grammar rules, the longest match is chosen.
The SPARQL grammar is LL(1) when the rules with uppercased names are used as terminals.
There are two entry points into the grammar: QueryUnit for SPARQL queries, and UpdateUnit for SPARQL Update requests.
In signed numbers, no white space is allowed between the sign and the number. The AdditiveExpression grammar rule allows for this by covering the two cases of an expression followed by a signed number. These produce an addition or subtraction of the unsigned number as appropriate.
The tokens INSERT DATA, DELETE DATA, DELETE WHERE allow any amount of white space between the words. The single space version is used in the grammar for clarity.
The QuadData and QuadPattern rules both use rule Quads. The rule QuadData, used in INSERT DATA and DELETE DATA, must not allow variables in the quad patterns.
Blank node syntax is not allowed in DELETE WHERE, the DeleteClause for DELETE, nor in DELETE DATA.
Rules for limiting the use of blank node labels are given in section 19.6.
The number of variables in the variable list of VALUES block must be the same as the number of each list of associated values in the DataBlock.
Variables introduced by AS in a SELECT clause must not already be in-scope.
The variable assigned in a BIND clause must not be already in-use within the immediately preceding TriplesBlock within a GroupGraphPattern.
Aggregate functions can be one of the built-in keywords for aggregates or a custom aggregate, which is syntactically a function call. Aggregate functions may only be used in SELECT, HAVING and ORDER BY clauses.
Only custom aggregate functions use the DISTINCT keyword in a function call.

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\n `[1]` \n	\n `\n QueryUnit\n` \n	::=	\n `\n Query\n` \n
\n `[2]` \n	\n `\n Query\n` \n	::=	\n `\n Prologue\n ( SelectQuery \| ConstructQuery \| DescribeQuery \| AskQuery ) \n ValuesClause\n`\n
\n `[3]` \n	\n `\n UpdateUnit\n` \n	::=	\n `\n Update\n` \n
\n `[4]` \n	\n `\n Prologue\n` \n	::=	\n `( BaseDecl \| PrefixDecl )*`\n
\n `[5]` \n	\n `\n BaseDecl\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'BASE'\n IRIREF\n` \n
\n `[6]` \n	\n `\n PrefixDecl\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'PREFIX'\n PNAME_NS\n IRIREF\n` \n
\n `[7]` \n	\n `\n SelectQuery\n` \n	::=	\n `\n SelectClause\n DatasetClause* WhereClause\n SolutionModifier\n` \n
\n `[8]` \n	\n `\n SubSelect\n` \n	::=	\n `\n SelectClause\n WhereClause\n SolutionModifier\n ValuesClause\n` \n
\n `[9]` \n	\n `\n SelectClause\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'SELECT' ( 'DISTINCT' \| 'REDUCED' )? ( ( Var \| ( '('\n Expression\n 'AS'\n Var\n ')' ) )+ \| '*' )`\n
\n `[10]` \n	\n `\n ConstructQuery\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'CONSTRUCT' ( ConstructTemplate\n DatasetClause* WhereClause\n SolutionModifier \| DatasetClause* 'WHERE'\n '{'\n TriplesTemplate? '}'\n SolutionModifier )`\n
\n `[11]` \n	\n `\n DescribeQuery\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'DESCRIBE' ( VarOrIri+ \| '' ) DatasetClause WhereClause? SolutionModifier\n` \n
\n `[12]` \n	\n `\n AskQuery\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'ASK'\n DatasetClause* WhereClause\n SolutionModifier\n` \n
\n `[13]` \n	\n `\n DatasetClause\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'FROM' ( DefaultGraphClause \| NamedGraphClause )`\n
\n `[14]` \n	\n `\n DefaultGraphClause\n` \n	::=	\n `\n SourceSelector\n` \n
\n `[15]` \n	\n `\n NamedGraphClause\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'NAMED'\n SourceSelector\n` \n
\n `[16]` \n	\n `\n SourceSelector\n` \n	::=	\n `\n iri\n` \n
\n `[17]` \n	\n `\n WhereClause\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'WHERE'? GroupGraphPattern\n` \n
\n `[18]` \n	\n `\n SolutionModifier\n` \n	::=	\n `\n GroupClause? HavingClause? OrderClause? LimitOffsetClauses?`\n
\n `[19]` \n	\n `\n GroupClause\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'GROUP'\n 'BY'\n GroupCondition+`\n
\n `[20]` \n	\n `\n GroupCondition\n` \n	::=	\n `\n BuiltInCall \| FunctionCall \| '('\n Expression ( 'AS'\n Var )? ')' \| Var\n` \n
\n `[21]` \n	\n `\n HavingClause\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'HAVING'\n HavingCondition+`\n
\n `[22]` \n	\n `\n HavingCondition\n` \n	::=	\n `\n Constraint\n` \n
\n `[23]` \n	\n `\n OrderClause\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'ORDER'\n 'BY'\n OrderCondition+`\n
\n `[24]` \n	\n `\n OrderCondition\n` \n	::=	\n `( ( 'ASC' \| 'DESC' ) BrackettedExpression ) \| ( Constraint \| Var )`\n
\n `[25]` \n	\n `\n LimitOffsetClauses\n` \n	::=	\n `\n LimitClause\n OffsetClause? \| OffsetClause\n LimitClause?`\n
\n `[26]` \n	\n `\n LimitClause\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'LIMIT'\n INTEGER\n` \n
\n `[27]` \n	\n `\n OffsetClause\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'OFFSET'\n INTEGER\n` \n
\n `[28]` \n	\n `\n ValuesClause\n` \n	::=	\n `( 'VALUES'\n DataBlock )?`\n
\n `[29]` \n	\n `\n Update\n` \n	::=	\n `\n Prologue ( Update1 ( ';'\n Update )? )?`\n
\n `[30]` \n	\n `\n Update1\n` \n	::=	\n `\n Load \| Clear \| Drop \| Add \| Move \| Copy \| Create \| InsertData \| DeleteData \| DeleteWhere \| Modify\n` \n
\n `[31]` \n	\n `\n Load\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'LOAD'\n 'SILENT'? iri ( 'INTO'\n GraphRef )?`\n
\n `[32]` \n	\n `\n Clear\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'CLEAR'\n 'SILENT'? GraphRefAll\n` \n
\n `[33]` \n	\n `\n Drop\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'DROP'\n 'SILENT'? GraphRefAll\n` \n
\n `[34]` \n	\n `\n Create\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'CREATE'\n 'SILENT'? GraphRef\n` \n
\n `[35]` \n	\n `\n Add\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'ADD'\n 'SILENT'? GraphOrDefault\n 'TO'\n GraphOrDefault\n` \n
\n `[36]` \n	\n `\n Move\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'MOVE'\n 'SILENT'? GraphOrDefault\n 'TO'\n GraphOrDefault\n` \n
\n `[37]` \n	\n `\n Copy\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'COPY'\n 'SILENT'? GraphOrDefault\n 'TO'\n GraphOrDefault\n` \n
\n `[38]` \n	\n `\n InsertData\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'INSERT DATA'\n QuadData\n` \n
\n `[39]` \n	\n `\n DeleteData\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'DELETE DATA'\n QuadData\n` \n
\n `[40]` \n	\n `\n DeleteWhere\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'DELETE WHERE'\n QuadPattern\n` \n
\n `[41]` \n	\n `\n Modify\n` \n	::=	\n `( 'WITH'\n iri )? ( DeleteClause\n InsertClause? \| InsertClause ) UsingClause* 'WHERE'\n GroupGraphPattern\n` \n
\n `[42]` \n	\n `\n DeleteClause\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'DELETE'\n QuadPattern\n` \n
\n `[43]` \n	\n `\n InsertClause\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'INSERT'\n QuadPattern\n` \n
\n `[44]` \n	\n `\n UsingClause\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'USING' ( iri \| 'NAMED'\n iri )`\n
\n `[45]` \n	\n `\n GraphOrDefault\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'DEFAULT' \| 'GRAPH'? iri\n` \n
\n `[46]` \n	\n `\n GraphRef\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'GRAPH'\n iri\n` \n
\n `[47]` \n	\n `\n GraphRefAll\n` \n	::=	\n `\n GraphRef \| 'DEFAULT' \| 'NAMED' \| 'ALL'\n` \n
\n `[48]` \n	\n `\n QuadPattern\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '{'\n Quads\n '}'\n` \n
\n `[49]` \n	\n `\n QuadData\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '{'\n Quads\n '}'\n` \n
\n `[50]` \n	\n `\n Quads\n` \n	::=	\n `\n TriplesTemplate? ( QuadsNotTriples\n '.'? TriplesTemplate? )*`\n
\n `[51]` \n	\n `\n QuadsNotTriples\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'GRAPH'\n VarOrIri\n '{'\n TriplesTemplate? '}'\n` \n
\n `[52]` \n	\n `\n TriplesTemplate\n` \n	::=	\n `\n TriplesSameSubject ( '.'\n TriplesTemplate? )?`\n
\n `[53]` \n	\n `\n GroupGraphPattern\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '{' ( SubSelect \| GroupGraphPatternSub ) '}'\n` \n
\n `[54]` \n	\n `\n GroupGraphPatternSub\n` \n	::=	\n `\n TriplesBlock? ( GraphPatternNotTriples\n '.'? TriplesBlock? )*`\n
\n `[55]` \n	\n `\n TriplesBlock\n` \n	::=	\n `\n TriplesSameSubjectPath ( '.'\n TriplesBlock? )?`\n
\n `[56]` \n	\n `\n GraphPatternNotTriples\n` \n	::=	\n `\n GroupOrUnionGraphPattern \| OptionalGraphPattern \| MinusGraphPattern \| GraphGraphPattern \| ServiceGraphPattern \| Filter \| Bind \| InlineData\n` \n
\n `[57]` \n	\n `\n OptionalGraphPattern\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'OPTIONAL'\n GroupGraphPattern\n` \n
\n `[58]` \n	\n `\n GraphGraphPattern\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'GRAPH'\n VarOrIri\n GroupGraphPattern\n` \n
\n `[59]` \n	\n `\n ServiceGraphPattern\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'SERVICE'\n 'SILENT'? VarOrIri\n GroupGraphPattern\n` \n
\n `[60]` \n	\n `\n Bind\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'BIND'\n '('\n Expression\n 'AS'\n Var\n ')'\n` \n
\n `[61]` \n	\n `\n InlineData\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'VALUES'\n DataBlock\n` \n
\n `[62]` \n	\n `\n DataBlock\n` \n	::=	\n `\n InlineDataOneVar \| InlineDataFull\n` \n
\n `[63]` \n	\n `\n InlineDataOneVar\n` \n	::=	\n `\n Var\n '{'\n DataBlockValue* '}'\n` \n
\n `[64]` \n	\n `\n InlineDataFull\n` \n	::=	\n `( NIL \| '('\n Var* ')' ) '{' ( '('\n DataBlockValue* ')' \| NIL )* '}'\n` \n
\n `[65]` \n	\n `\n DataBlockValue\n` \n	::=	\n `\n iri \| RDFLiteral \| NumericLiteral \| BooleanLiteral \| 'UNDEF'\n` \n
\n `[66]` \n	\n `\n MinusGraphPattern\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'MINUS'\n GroupGraphPattern\n` \n
\n `[67]` \n	\n `\n GroupOrUnionGraphPattern\n` \n	::=	\n `\n GroupGraphPattern ( 'UNION'\n GroupGraphPattern )*`\n
\n `[68]` \n	\n `\n Filter\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'FILTER'\n Constraint\n` \n
\n `[69]` \n	\n `\n Constraint\n` \n	::=	\n `\n BrackettedExpression \| BuiltInCall \| FunctionCall\n` \n
\n `[70]` \n	\n `\n FunctionCall\n` \n	::=	\n `\n iri\n ArgList\n` \n
\n `[71]` \n	\n `\n ArgList\n` \n	::=	\n `\n NIL \| '('\n 'DISTINCT'? Expression ( ','\n Expression )* ')'\n` \n
\n `[72]` \n	\n `\n ExpressionList\n` \n	::=	\n `\n NIL \| '('\n Expression ( ','\n Expression )* ')'\n` \n
\n `[73]` \n	\n `\n ConstructTemplate\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '{'\n ConstructTriples? '}'\n` \n
\n `[74]` \n	\n `\n ConstructTriples\n` \n	::=	\n `\n TriplesSameSubject ( '.'\n ConstructTriples? )?`\n
\n `[75]` \n	\n `\n TriplesSameSubject\n` \n	::=	\n `\n VarOrTerm\n PropertyListNotEmpty \| TriplesNode\n PropertyList\n` \n
\n `[76]` \n	\n `\n PropertyList\n` \n	::=	\n `\n PropertyListNotEmpty?`\n
\n `[77]` \n	\n `\n PropertyListNotEmpty\n` \n	::=	\n `\n Verb\n ObjectList ( ';' ( Verb\n ObjectList )? )*`\n
\n `[78]` \n	\n `\n Verb\n` \n	::=	\n `\n VarOrIri \| 'a'\n` \n
\n `[79]` \n	\n `\n ObjectList\n` \n	::=	\n `\n Object ( ','\n Object )*`\n
\n `[80]` \n	\n `\n Object\n` \n	::=	\n `\n GraphNode\n` \n
\n `[81]` \n	\n `\n TriplesSameSubjectPath\n` \n	::=	\n `\n VarOrTerm\n PropertyListPathNotEmpty \| TriplesNodePath\n PropertyListPath\n` \n
\n `[82]` \n	\n `\n PropertyListPath\n` \n	::=	\n `\n PropertyListPathNotEmpty?`\n
\n `[83]` \n	\n `\n PropertyListPathNotEmpty\n` \n	::=	\n `( VerbPath \| VerbSimple ) ObjectListPath ( ';' ( ( VerbPath \| VerbSimple ) ObjectList )? )*`\n
\n `[84]` \n	\n `\n VerbPath\n` \n	::=	\n `\n Path\n` \n
\n `[85]` \n	\n `\n VerbSimple\n` \n	::=	\n `\n Var\n` \n
\n `[86]` \n	\n `\n ObjectListPath\n` \n	::=	\n `\n ObjectPath ( ','\n ObjectPath )*`\n
\n `[87]` \n	\n `\n ObjectPath\n` \n	::=	\n `\n GraphNodePath\n` \n
\n `[88]` \n	\n `\n Path\n` \n	::=	\n `\n PathAlternative\n` \n
\n `[89]` \n	\n `\n PathAlternative\n` \n	::=	\n `\n PathSequence ( '\|'\n PathSequence )*`\n
\n `[90]` \n	\n `\n PathSequence\n` \n	::=	\n `\n PathEltOrInverse ( '/'\n PathEltOrInverse )*`\n
\n `[91]` \n	\n `\n PathElt\n` \n	::=	\n `\n PathPrimary\n PathMod?`\n
\n `[92]` \n	\n `\n PathEltOrInverse\n` \n	::=	\n `\n PathElt \| '^'\n PathElt\n` \n
\n `[93]` \n	\n `\n PathMod\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '?' \| '*' \| '+'\n` \n
\n `[94]` \n	\n `\n PathPrimary\n` \n	::=	\n `\n iri \| 'a' \| '!'\n PathNegatedPropertySet \| '('\n Path\n ')'\n` \n
\n `[95]` \n	\n `\n PathNegatedPropertySet\n` \n	::=	\n `\n PathOneInPropertySet \| '(' ( PathOneInPropertySet ( '\|'\n PathOneInPropertySet )* )? ')'\n` \n
\n `[96]` \n	\n `\n PathOneInPropertySet\n` \n	::=	\n `\n iri \| 'a' \| '^' ( iri \| 'a' )`\n
\n `[97]` \n	\n `\n Integer\n` \n	::=	\n `\n INTEGER\n` \n
\n `[98]` \n	\n `\n TriplesNode\n` \n	::=	\n `\n Collection \| BlankNodePropertyList\n` \n
\n `[99]` \n	\n `\n BlankNodePropertyList\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '['\n PropertyListNotEmpty\n ']'\n` \n
\n `[100]` \n	\n `\n TriplesNodePath\n` \n	::=	\n `\n CollectionPath \| BlankNodePropertyListPath\n` \n
\n `[101]` \n	\n `\n BlankNodePropertyListPath\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '['\n PropertyListPathNotEmpty\n ']'\n` \n
\n `[102]` \n	\n `\n Collection\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '('\n GraphNode+ ')'\n` \n
\n `[103]` \n	\n `\n CollectionPath\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '('\n GraphNodePath+ ')'\n` \n
\n `[104]` \n	\n `\n GraphNode\n` \n	::=	\n `\n VarOrTerm \| TriplesNode\n` \n
\n `[105]` \n	\n `\n GraphNodePath\n` \n	::=	\n `\n VarOrTerm \| TriplesNodePath\n` \n
\n `[106]` \n	\n `\n VarOrTerm\n` \n	::=	\n `\n Var \| GraphTerm\n` \n
\n `[107]` \n	\n `\n VarOrIri\n` \n	::=	\n `\n Var \| iri\n` \n
\n `[108]` \n	\n `\n Var\n` \n	::=	\n `\n VAR1 \| VAR2\n` \n
\n `[109]` \n	\n `\n GraphTerm\n` \n	::=	\n `\n iri \| RDFLiteral \| NumericLiteral \| BooleanLiteral \| BlankNode \| NIL\n` \n
\n `[110]` \n	\n `\n Expression\n` \n	::=	\n `\n ConditionalOrExpression\n` \n
\n `[111]` \n	\n `\n ConditionalOrExpression\n` \n	::=	\n `\n ConditionalAndExpression ( '\|\|'\n ConditionalAndExpression )*`\n
\n `[112]` \n	\n `\n ConditionalAndExpression\n` \n	::=	\n `\n ValueLogical ( '&&'\n ValueLogical )*`\n
\n `[113]` \n	\n `\n ValueLogical\n` \n	::=	\n `\n RelationalExpression\n` \n
\n `[114]` \n	\n `\n RelationalExpression\n` \n	::=	\n `\n NumericExpression ( '='\n NumericExpression \| '!='\n NumericExpression \| '<'\n NumericExpression \| '>'\n NumericExpression \| '<='\n NumericExpression \| '>='\n NumericExpression \| 'IN'\n ExpressionList \| 'NOT'\n 'IN'\n ExpressionList )?`\n
\n `[115]` \n	\n `\n NumericExpression\n` \n	::=	\n `\n AdditiveExpression\n` \n
\n `[116]` \n	\n `\n AdditiveExpression\n` \n	::=	\n `\n MultiplicativeExpression ( '+'\n MultiplicativeExpression \| '-'\n MultiplicativeExpression \| ( NumericLiteralPositive \| NumericLiteralNegative ) ( ( ''\n UnaryExpression ) \| ( '/'\n UnaryExpression ) ) )*`\n
\n `[117]` \n	\n `\n MultiplicativeExpression\n` \n	::=	\n `\n UnaryExpression ( ''\n UnaryExpression \| '/'\n UnaryExpression )`\n
\n `[118]` \n	\n `\n UnaryExpression\n` \n	::=	\n `'!'\n PrimaryExpression\n \| '+'\n PrimaryExpression\n \| '-'\n PrimaryExpression\n \| PrimaryExpression\n`\n
\n `[119]` \n	\n `\n PrimaryExpression\n` \n	::=	\n `\n BrackettedExpression \| BuiltInCall \| iriOrFunction \| RDFLiteral \| NumericLiteral \| BooleanLiteral \| Var\n` \n
\n `[120]` \n	\n `\n BrackettedExpression\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n` \n
\n `[121]` \n	\n `\n BuiltInCall\n` \n	::=	\n Aggregate\n \| 'STR'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'LANG'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'LANGMATCHES'\n '('\n Expression\n ','\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'DATATYPE'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'BOUND'\n '('\n Var\n ')'\n \| 'IRI'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'URI'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'BNODE' ( '('\n Expression\n ')' \| NIL ) \| 'RAND'\n NIL\n \| 'ABS'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'CEIL'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'FLOOR'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'ROUND'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'CONCAT'\n ExpressionList\n \| SubstringExpression\n \| 'STRLEN'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| StrReplaceExpression\n \| 'UCASE'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'LCASE'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'ENCODE_FOR_URI'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'CONTAINS'\n '('\n Expression\n ','\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'STRSTARTS'\n '('\n Expression\n ','\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'STRENDS'\n '('\n Expression\n ','\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'STRBEFORE'\n '('\n Expression\n ','\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'STRAFTER'\n '('\n Expression\n ','\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'YEAR'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'MONTH'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'DAY'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'HOURS'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'MINUTES'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'SECONDS'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'TIMEZONE'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'TZ'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'NOW'\n NIL\n \| 'UUID'\n NIL\n \| 'STRUUID'\n NIL\n \| 'MD5'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'SHA1'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'SHA256'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'SHA384'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'SHA512'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'COALESCE'\n ExpressionList\n \| 'IF'\n '('\n Expression\n ','\n Expression\n ','\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'STRLANG'\n '('\n Expression\n ','\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'STRDT'\n '('\n Expression\n ','\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'sameTerm'\n '('\n Expression\n ','\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'isIRI'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'isURI'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'isBLANK'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'isLITERAL'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| 'isNUMERIC'\n '('\n Expression\n ')'\n \| RegexExpression\n \| ExistsFunc\n \| NotExistsFunc\n\n
\n `[122]` \n	\n `\n RegexExpression\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'REGEX'\n '('\n Expression\n ','\n Expression ( ','\n Expression )? ')'\n` \n
\n `[123]` \n	\n `\n SubstringExpression\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'SUBSTR'\n '('\n Expression\n ','\n Expression ( ','\n Expression )? ')'\n` \n
\n `[124]` \n	\n `\n StrReplaceExpression\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'REPLACE'\n '('\n Expression\n ','\n Expression\n ','\n Expression ( ','\n Expression )? ')'\n` \n
\n `[125]` \n	\n `\n ExistsFunc\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'EXISTS'\n GroupGraphPattern\n` \n
\n `[126]` \n	\n `\n NotExistsFunc\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'NOT'\n 'EXISTS'\n GroupGraphPattern\n` \n
\n `[127]` \n	\n `\n Aggregate\n` \n	::=	\n `'COUNT'\n '('\n 'DISTINCT'? ( '*' \| Expression ) ')'\n \| 'SUM'\n '('\n 'DISTINCT'? Expression\n ')'\n \| 'MIN'\n '('\n 'DISTINCT'? Expression\n ')'\n \| 'MAX'\n '('\n 'DISTINCT'? Expression\n ')'\n \| 'AVG'\n '('\n 'DISTINCT'? Expression\n ')'\n \| 'SAMPLE'\n '('\n 'DISTINCT'? Expression\n ')'\n \| 'GROUP_CONCAT'\n '('\n 'DISTINCT'? Expression ( ';'\n 'SEPARATOR'\n '='\n String )? ')'\n`\n
\n `[128]` \n	\n `\n iriOrFunction\n` \n	::=	\n `\n iri\n ArgList?`\n
\n `[129]` \n	\n `\n RDFLiteral\n` \n	::=	\n `\n String ( LANGTAG \| ( '^^'\n iri ) )?`\n
\n `[130]` \n	\n `\n NumericLiteral\n` \n	::=	\n `\n NumericLiteralUnsigned \| NumericLiteralPositive \| NumericLiteralNegative\n` \n
\n `[131]` \n	\n `\n NumericLiteralUnsigned\n` \n	::=	\n `\n INTEGER \| DECIMAL \| DOUBLE\n` \n
\n `[132]` \n	\n `\n NumericLiteralPositive\n` \n	::=	\n `\n INTEGER_POSITIVE \| DECIMAL_POSITIVE \| DOUBLE_POSITIVE\n` \n
\n `[133]` \n	\n `\n NumericLiteralNegative\n` \n	::=	\n `\n INTEGER_NEGATIVE \| DECIMAL_NEGATIVE \| DOUBLE_NEGATIVE\n` \n
\n `[134]` \n	\n `\n BooleanLiteral\n` \n	::=	\n `\n 'true' \| 'false'\n` \n
\n `[135]` \n	\n `\n String\n` \n	::=	\n `\n STRING_LITERAL1 \| STRING_LITERAL2 \| STRING_LITERAL_LONG1 \| STRING_LITERAL_LONG2\n` \n
\n `[136]` \n	\n `\n iri\n` \n	::=	\n `\n IRIREF \| PrefixedName\n` \n
\n `[137]` \n	\n `\n PrefixedName\n` \n	::=	\n `\n PNAME_LN \| PNAME_NS\n` \n
\n `[138]` \n	\n `\n BlankNode\n` \n	::=	\n `\n BLANK_NODE_LABEL \| ANON\n` \n

\n\n

Productions for terminals:

\n `[139]` \n	\n `\n IRIREF\n` \n	::=	\n \n '<' ([^<>\"{}\|^`\\]-[#x00-#x20])* '>'\n \n
\n `[140]` \n	\n `\n PNAME_NS\n` \n	::=	\n `\n PN_PREFIX? ':'`\n
\n `[141]` \n	\n `\n PNAME_LN\n` \n	::=	\n `\n PNAME_NS\n PN_LOCAL\n` \n
\n `[142]` \n	\n `\n BLANK_NODE_LABEL\n` \n	::=	\n `'_:' ( PN_CHARS_U \| [0-9] ) ((PN_CHARS\|'.')* PN_CHARS)?`\n
\n `[143]` \n	\n `\n VAR1\n` \n	::=	\n `'?' VARNAME\n` \n
\n `[144]` \n	\n `\n VAR2\n` \n	::=	\n `'$' VARNAME\n` \n
\n `[145]` \n	\n `\n LANGTAG\n` \n	::=	\n `'@' [a-zA-Z]+ ('-' [a-zA-Z0-9]+)*`\n
\n `[146]` \n	\n `\n INTEGER\n` \n	::=	\n `[0-9]+`\n
\n `[147]` \n	\n `\n DECIMAL\n` \n	::=	\n `[0-9]* '.' [0-9]+`\n
\n `[148]` \n	\n `\n DOUBLE\n` \n	::=	\n `[0-9]+ '.' [0-9]* EXPONENT \| '.' ([0-9])+ EXPONENT \| ([0-9])+ EXPONENT\n` \n
\n `[149]` \n	\n `\n INTEGER_POSITIVE\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '+'\n INTEGER\n` \n
\n `[150]` \n	\n `\n DECIMAL_POSITIVE\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '+'\n DECIMAL\n` \n
\n `[151]` \n	\n `\n DOUBLE_POSITIVE\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '+'\n DOUBLE\n` \n
\n `[152]` \n	\n `\n INTEGER_NEGATIVE\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '-'\n INTEGER\n` \n
\n `[153]` \n	\n `\n DECIMAL_NEGATIVE\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '-'\n DECIMAL\n` \n
\n `[154]` \n	\n `\n DOUBLE_NEGATIVE\n` \n	::=	\n `\n '-'\n DOUBLE\n` \n
\n `[155]` \n	\n `\n EXPONENT\n` \n	::=	\n `[eE] [+-]? [0-9]+`\n
\n `[156]` \n	\n `\n STRING_LITERAL1\n` \n	::=	\n `\"'\" ( ([^#x27#x5C#xA#xD]) \| ECHAR )* \"'\"`\n
\n `[157]` \n	\n `\n STRING_LITERAL2\n` \n	::=	\n `'\"' ( ([^#x22#x5C#xA#xD]) \| ECHAR )* '\"'`\n
\n `[158]` \n	\n `\n STRING_LITERAL_LONG1\n` \n	::=	\n `\"'''\" ( ( \"'\" \| \"''\" )? ( [^'\\] \| ECHAR ) )* \"'''\"`\n
\n `[159]` \n	\n `\n STRING_LITERAL_LONG2\n` \n	::=	\n `'\"\"\"' ( ( '\"' \| '\"\"' )? ( [^\"\\] \| ECHAR ) )* '\"\"\"'`\n
\n `[160]` \n	\n `\n ECHAR\n` \n	::=	\n `'\\' [tbnrf\\\"']`\n
\n `[161]` \n	\n `\n NIL\n` \n	::=	\n `'(' WS* ')'`\n
\n `[162]` \n	\n `\n WS\n` \n	::=	\n `#x20 \| #x9 \| #xD \| #xA`\n
\n `[163]` \n	\n `\n ANON\n` \n	::=	\n `'[' WS* ']'`\n
\n `[164]` \n	\n `\n PN_CHARS_BASE\n` \n	::=	\n `[A-Z] \| [a-z] \| [#x00C0-#x00D6] \| [#x00D8-#x00F6] \| [#x00F8-#x02FF] \| [#x0370-#x037D] \| [#x037F-#x1FFF] \| [#x200C-#x200D] \| [#x2070-#x218F] \| [#x2C00-#x2FEF] \| [#x3001-#xD7FF] \| [#xF900-#xFDCF] \| [#xFDF0-#xFFFD] \| [#x10000-#xEFFFF]`\n
\n `[165]` \n	\n `\n PN_CHARS_U\n` \n	::=	\n `\n PN_CHARS_BASE \| '_'`\n
\n `[166]` \n	\n `\n VARNAME\n` \n	::=	\n `( PN_CHARS_U \| [0-9] ) ( PN_CHARS_U \| [0-9] \| #x00B7 \| [#x0300-#x036F] \| [#x203F-#x2040] )*`\n
\n `[167]` \n	\n `\n PN_CHARS\n` \n	::=	\n `\n PN_CHARS_U \| '-' \| [0-9] \| #x00B7 \| [#x0300-#x036F] \| [#x203F-#x2040]`\n
\n `[168]` \n	\n `\n PN_PREFIX\n` \n	::=	\n `\n PN_CHARS_BASE ((PN_CHARS\|'.')* PN_CHARS)?`\n
\n `[169]` \n	\n `\n PN_LOCAL\n` \n	::=	\n `(PN_CHARS_U \| ':' \| [0-9] \| PLX ) ((PN_CHARS \| '.' \| ':' \| PLX)* (PN_CHARS \| ':' \| PLX) )?`\n
\n `[170]` \n	\n `\n PLX\n` \n	::=	\n `\n PERCENT \| PN_LOCAL_ESC\n` \n
\n `[171]` \n	\n `\n PERCENT\n` \n	::=	\n `'%' HEX\n HEX\n` \n
\n `[172]` \n	\n `\n HEX\n` \n	::=	\n `[0-9] \| [A-F] \| [a-f]`\n
\n `[173]` \n	\n `\n PN_LOCAL_ESC\n` \n	::=	\n `'\\' ( '_' \| '~' \| '.' \| '-' \| '!' \| '$' \| '&' \| \"'\" \| '(' \| ')' \| '*' \| '+' \| ',' \| ';' \| '=' \| '/' \| '?' \| '#' \| '@' \| '%' )`\n

Escape	Unicode code point
\n '\\u'\n HEX\n HEX\n HEX\n HEX\n	A Unicode code point in the range U+0 to U+FFFF inclusive corresponding to the encoded hexadecimal value.
\n '\\U'\n HEX\n HEX\n HEX\n HEX\n HEX\n HEX\n HEX\n HEX\n	A Unicode code point in the range U+0 to U+10FFFF inclusive corresponding to the encoded hexadecimal value.

Escape	Unicode code point
\n '\\t'\n	U+0009 (tab)
\n '\\n'\n	U+000A (line feed)
\n '\\r'\n	U+000D (carriage return)
\n '\\b'\n	U+0008 (backspace)
\n '\\f'\n	U+000C (form feed)
\n '\\\"'\n	U+0022 (quotation mark, double quote mark)
\n \"\\'\"\n	U+0027 (apostrophe-quote, single quote mark)
\n '\\\\'\n	U+005C (backslash)

Blank Nodes and Blank Node Labels

Comments

Grammar

IRI References

Codepoint Escape Sequences

Escape sequences in strings

SPARQL Request String

SPARQL Grammar

White Space